Information
The artworks below constitute a succinct survey of the evolution of the narratives and compositional schemes that can be in some manner be associated with Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring before and after it was presumably created.
The individual artworks are arranged in chronological order. However, this order must be considered no more than approximate given that often times the dates of Vermeer's paintings and the related artworks listed herein bear no dates and thus are fruit of art historical speculation. Furthermore, although every effort was made to provide the most accurate title, author, date, technique, dimensions and whereabouts of each artwork, these should be researched thoroughly before drawing definitive conclusions, given that some of this information was derived from internet websites whose reliability cannot be guaranteed.
When an artwork's date was not found the painter's birth and dates are given between parentheses. When it was not possible to determine the current location of the art work, it is given as either "Whereabouts unknown" or "Private collection (?)"
In order to improve the quality of this survey readers are strongly encouraged to signal both new artworks and inaccuracies.
Click on the thumbnail images to access a higher resolution image.
Gilded Mummy Portrait of a Woman
Anonymous
c. 160–170
Encaustic; leaf-gilded, 44.2 x 20 cm.
British Museum, London
Anonymous
c. 160–170
Encaustic; leaf-gilded, 44.2 x 20 cm.
British Museum, London
Roman Woman Wearing a Tyrian Purple Garment (signifying her wealth and status)
Anonymous
c. 130–140 A.C.
Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA
Anonymous
c. 130–140 A.C.
Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA
Portrait of a Man
Robert Campin (the Master of Flémalle)
c. 1400–1410
40.7 x 28 cm.
National Gallery, London
Robert Campin (the Master of Flémalle)
c. 1400–1410
40.7 x 28 cm.
National Gallery, London
Portrait of a Woman
Robert Campin
c. 1430–1435
Oil on panel, 40 × 27 cm.
National Gallery, London
Robert Campin
c. 1430–1435
Oil on panel, 40 × 27 cm.
National Gallery, London
Portrait of a Woman with a Winged Bonnet
Rogier van der Weyden
c. 1440
Oil on oak wood, 47 x 32 cm.
Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin
Rogier van der Weyden
c. 1440
Oil on oak wood, 47 x 32 cm.
Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin
Portrait of a Young Woman
Petrus Christus
c. 1470
Oil on oak, 29 x 22.5 cm.
Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin
Petrus Christus
c. 1470
Oil on oak, 29 x 22.5 cm.
Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin
Mary Magdalene
Jan van Scorel
c. 1530
26.37 x 30.11 in.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Jan van Scorel
c. 1530
26.37 x 30.11 in.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Venus and the Lute Player
Titian and Workshop
c. 1565–70
Oil on canvas, 165.1 x 209.6 cm.
Metroploitan Museum of Art, New York
Titian and Workshop
c. 1565–70
Oil on canvas, 165.1 x 209.6 cm.
Metroploitan Museum of Art, New York
Venus and the Lute Player (detail)
Titian and Workshop
c. 1565–70
Oil on canvas, 165.1 x 209.6 cm.
Metroploitan Museum of Art, New York
Titian and Workshop
c. 1565–70
Oil on canvas, 165.1 x 209.6 cm.
Metroploitan Museum of Art, New York
Beatrice Cenci
Attributed to Guido Reni
1599
64.5 x 49 cm.
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Roma
Attributed to Guido Reni
1599
64.5 x 49 cm.
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Roma
Venus at her Toilette
Peter Paul Rubens
c. 1613–1614
Oil on panel, 123 x 98 cm.
Liechtenstein Museum, Vienna
Peter Paul Rubens
c. 1613–1614
Oil on panel, 123 x 98 cm.
Liechtenstein Museum, Vienna
Venus at her Toilette (detail)
Peter Paul Rubens
c. 1613–1614
Oil on panel, 123 x 98 cm.
Liechtenstein Museum, Vienna
Peter Paul Rubens
c. 1613–1614
Oil on panel, 123 x 98 cm.
Liechtenstein Museum, Vienna
Self Portrait as Martyr
Artemisia Gentileschi
c. 1615
Oil on panel, 31.7 × 24.8 cm.
Private collection, New York City
Artemisia Gentileschi
c. 1615
Oil on panel, 31.7 × 24.8 cm.
Private collection, New York City
Portrait of a Young Woman as a Sibyl
Orazio Gentileschi
c. 1620
Oil on canvas, 81.6 × 73 cm.
Museum of Fine Arts, Huoston
Orazio Gentileschi
c. 1620
Oil on canvas, 81.6 × 73 cm.
Museum of Fine Arts, Huoston
Woman Playing a Lute
Dirk van Baburen
c. 1622
Dirk van Baburen
c. 1622
- Oil on canvas, 85.3 x 69.6 cm.
Private Collection
A Merry Group Behind a Balustrade with a Violin and a Lute Player
Gerrit van Honthorst
c. 1623–1624
Oil on canvas, 99.4 x 138.5 cm.
Private collection
Gerrit van Honthorst
c. 1623–1624
Oil on canvas, 99.4 x 138.5 cm.
Private collection
Head of a Woman
Cornelis Cornelisz. van Haarlem
c. 1624–1634
Oil on panel, 23.2 x 17.5 cm.
Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem
Cornelis Cornelisz. van Haarlem
c. 1624–1634
Oil on panel, 23.2 x 17.5 cm.
Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem
Bacchante with an Ape
Hendrick ter Brugghen
1627
Oil on canvas, 102.9 × 89.2 cm.
J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
Hendrick ter Brugghen
1627
Oil on canvas, 102.9 × 89.2 cm.
J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
Self-portrait in Oriental Dress
Johannes van Swinderen
c. 1628–1636
Oil on canvas, 103 x 89 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Johannes van Swinderen
c. 1628–1636
Oil on canvas, 103 x 89 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Young Woman in Fantasy Costume
Rembrandt
1633
Oil on panel, 65 x 48 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Rembrandt
1633
Oil on panel, 65 x 48 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Young Woman in Fantasy Costume (detail)
Rembrandt
1633
Oil on panel, 65 x 48 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Rembrandt
1633
Oil on panel, 65 x 48 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Portrait of a Young Woman as Flora
Paulus Moreelse
1633
74.3 x 59.4 cm.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Paulus Moreelse
1633
74.3 x 59.4 cm.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Old Woman with Empty Purse by Candlelight
Copy after Gerrt van Honthorst (1592–1656)
-
Oil on oak panel, 27.8 x 22.5 cm.
Private collection
Copy after Gerrt van Honthorst (1592–1656)
-
Oil on oak panel, 27.8 x 22.5 cm.
Private collection
Sibila
Guido Reni
c. 1635–1636
Oil on canvas, 74.2 x 58.3 cm.
Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna
(on loan from the Denis Mahon collection)
Guido Reni
c. 1635–1636
Oil on canvas, 74.2 x 58.3 cm.
Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna
(on loan from the Denis Mahon collection)
- Sibilla
Guido Reni (1575–1642)
-
Oil on canvas, 90 x 76 cm.
Sibilla
Guido Reni and workshop (1575–1642)
-
Oil on canvas
Museo di Strada Nuova, Genoa
Guido Reni and workshop (1575–1642)
-
Oil on canvas
Museo di Strada Nuova, Genoa
Sibilla
Guido Reni and workshop (1575–1642)
-
Oil on canvas
Museo di Strada Nuova, Genoa
Guido Reni and workshop (1575–1642)
-
Oil on canvas
Museo di Strada Nuova, Genoa
Portrait of a Young Woman, Bust-Length, Wearing a Red Turban and a Pearl Earring
Florentine School
17th Century
Oil on canvas, 38.5 by 30.5 cm.
Private collection (?)
Florentine School
17th Century
Oil on canvas, 38.5 by 30.5 cm.
Private collection (?)
A Young Woman Holding a Distaff before a Lit Candle
Adam de Coster (1585/6–1643)
-
Oil on canvas, 134 x 94.9 cm.
Private collection (?)
Adam de Coster (1585/6–1643)
-
Oil on canvas, 134 x 94.9 cm.
Private collection (?)
Portrait of a Woman
Peter Paul Rubens
c. 1635–1640
Oil on canvas, 58.7 x 78.2 cm.
Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam
Peter Paul Rubens
c. 1635–1640
Oil on canvas, 58.7 x 78.2 cm.
Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam
Santa Lucia
Artemisia Gentileschi
c. 1636-1638
Oil on canvas, 63 x 53 cm.
Private collection
Artemisia Gentileschi
c. 1636-1638
Oil on canvas, 63 x 53 cm.
Private collection
Margaret Lemon (Mistress of Van Dyck?)
Anthony van Dyck
c. 1638
Oil on canvas, 59.5 × 49.5 cm.
Private collection, New York
Anthony van Dyck
c. 1638
Oil on canvas, 59.5 × 49.5 cm.
Private collection, New York
The Rommel Pot Player
Jan Van Bijlert
c. 1639
Oil on canvas, 65.4 x 50.5 cm.
Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis
Jan Van Bijlert
c. 1639
Oil on canvas, 65.4 x 50.5 cm.
Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis
Portrait of Maria Trip
Rembrandt
c. 1639
Oil on panel, 107 x 82 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Rembrandt
c. 1639
Oil on panel, 107 x 82 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Portrait of Maria Trip (detail)
Rembrandt
c. 1639
Oil on panel, 107 x 82 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Rembrandt
c. 1639
Oil on panel, 107 x 82 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Portrait of a Man
Adriaen Hanneman
c. 1645
Oil on canvas, 45.7 x 56.2 cm.
Dulwich Picture Gallery, London
Adriaen Hanneman
c. 1645
Oil on canvas, 45.7 x 56.2 cm.
Dulwich Picture Gallery, London
Sibilla Persica
Guercino
1647
Oil on canvas, 117 x 96 cm.
Musei Capitolini, Rome
Guercino
1647
Oil on canvas, 117 x 96 cm.
Musei Capitolini, Rome
Christina, Queen of Sweden
David Beck
c. 1650
Oil on canvas, 17.3 x 23.0 cm.
From the collection of
The Royal Armoury, Royal Armoury
David Beck
c. 1650
Oil on canvas, 17.3 x 23.0 cm.
From the collection of
The Royal Armoury, Royal Armoury
Portrait of a Lady
Ferdinand Bol
c. 1650–1654
Oil on canvas, 47 x 34 cm.
Private collection
Ferdinand Bol
c. 1650–1654
Oil on canvas, 47 x 34 cm.
Private collection
Cleopatra's Feast (Cleopatra disolving a large pearl in a glass of vinegar)
Jacob Jordaens
1653
Oil onn canvas, 156.4 x1 49.3 cm.
Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Jacob Jordaens
1653
Oil onn canvas, 156.4 x1 49.3 cm.
Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Portrait of Hendrickje Stoffels
Rembrandt
c. 1654–1656
Oil on canvas, 101.9 x 83.7 cm.
National Gallery, London
Rembrandt
c. 1654–1656
Oil on canvas, 101.9 x 83.7 cm.
National Gallery, London
Portrait of a Young Lady
Isaack Luttichuys
1656
Oil on canvas, 99 x 82 cm.
Rijksmuseumn, Amsterdam
Isaack Luttichuys
1656
Oil on canvas, 99 x 82 cm.
Rijksmuseumn, Amsterdam
Portrait of a Young Lady (detail)
Isaack Luttichuys
1656
Oil on canvas, 99 x 82 cm.
Rijksmuseumn, Amsterdam
Isaack Luttichuys
1656
Oil on canvas, 99 x 82 cm.
Rijksmuseumn, Amsterdam
Portrait of the Artist's Wife, Cunera van der Cock
Frans van Mieris
c. 1657–1658
16 x 13.3 cm.
National Gallery, London
Frans van Mieris
c. 1657–1658
16 x 13.3 cm.
National Gallery, London
Shepherdess
Cornelis van Poelenburch (1590 o 1594 o 1595–1667)
-
Oil on wood, 12 x 10 cm.
Staatliches Museum, Schwerin
Cornelis van Poelenburch (1590 o 1594 o 1595–1667)
-
Oil on wood, 12 x 10 cm.
Staatliches Museum, Schwerin
Young Woman Trying on Pearl Earrings
Rembrandt
1657
Oil on panel, 39.5 x 32.5 cm.
Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Rembrandt
1657
Oil on panel, 39.5 x 32.5 cm.
Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Nude with a String of Pearls (Venus?)
Bartholomeus van der Helst ?
-
Oil on canvas
Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow
Bartholomeus van der Helst ?
-
Oil on canvas
Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow
For thousands of years, pearls have been the exclusive gemstones of royalty and nobility in every culture. In ancient Greece, the pearl was associated with love and marriage. The legend of Venus/Aphrodite (Goddess of love, beauty and pleasure), who came out of the sea with water droplets turning into pearls, implies that pearls hold all the "charms" of the love goddess.
from:
http://www.shecypearljewelry.com/pearl-guide/pearl-history.html
from:
http://www.shecypearljewelry.com/pearl-guide/pearl-history.html
A Young Maidservant
Michael Sweerts
c. 1660
Oil on canvas, 61 x 53.5 cm.
Aetas Aurea Holding (Kremer Collection)
Michael Sweerts
c. 1660
Oil on canvas, 61 x 53.5 cm.
Aetas Aurea Holding (Kremer Collection)
Portrait of a Girl
Michael Sweerts
c. 1638–1664
Oil on canvas, 43.5 × 36.5 cm.
New Walk Museum & Art Gallery, Leicester Arts and Museums Service
Michael Sweerts
c. 1638–1664
Oil on canvas, 43.5 × 36.5 cm.
New Walk Museum & Art Gallery, Leicester Arts and Museums Service
Boy with a Hat
Michael Sweerts
c. 1665
36.9 x 29.2 cm.
Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art,
Hartford, Connecticut
Michael Sweerts
c. 1665
36.9 x 29.2 cm.
Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art,
Hartford, Connecticut
Boy in a Turban
Michael Sweerts
c. 1656–1658
87 x 74 cm.
Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid
Michael Sweerts
c. 1656–1658
87 x 74 cm.
Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid
Portrait of a Youth
Michael Sweerts
c. 1655–1661
Oil on canvas, 39.4 x 34.9 cm.
de Younbg, Legion of Honor, Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco
Michael Sweerts
c. 1655–1661
Oil on canvas, 39.4 x 34.9 cm.
de Younbg, Legion of Honor, Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco
Girl with a Pearl Earring
Johannes Vermeer
c. 1665–1667
Oil on canvas, 46.5 x 40 cm.
Koninklijk Kabinet van Schilderijen Mauritshuis, The Hague
Johannes Vermeer
c. 1665–1667
Oil on canvas, 46.5 x 40 cm.
Koninklijk Kabinet van Schilderijen Mauritshuis, The Hague
Woman with a Pink
Rembrandt
c. 1660–1669
Oil on canvas, 92.1x 74.6 cm.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Rembrandt
c. 1660–1669
Oil on canvas, 92.1x 74.6 cm.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Portrait of a Young Woman possibly Magdalena van Loon
Rembrandt
c. 1668
Oil on canvas, 56.3 x 48 cm.
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal
Rembrandt
c. 1668
Oil on canvas, 56.3 x 48 cm.
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal
Portrait of a Young Woman with a Pearl Necklace
Godefridus Schalcken
c. 1670
Oil on copper, 13.3 x 10.8 cm. upright oval
Private collection (?)
Godefridus Schalcken
c. 1670
Oil on copper, 13.3 x 10.8 cm. upright oval
Private collection (?)
Young Woman with a Pearl Necklace
Copy after Willem Drost
Late 17th or early 18th century
Oil on canvas, 84.1 x 62.2 cm.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Copy after Willem Drost
Late 17th or early 18th century
Oil on canvas, 84.1 x 62.2 cm.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
The Herring Seller
Godfried Schalcken
c. 1675–1680
Oil on panel, 19 x 15.5 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Godfried Schalcken
c. 1675–1680
Oil on panel, 19 x 15.5 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
A Young Girl Wearing a Turban and Holding a Candle
Wolfgang Heimbach
c. 1679
Oil on canvas, in a painted oval, 77.2 x 61.8 cm.
Private collection (?)
Wolfgang Heimbach
c. 1679
Oil on canvas, in a painted oval, 77.2 x 61.8 cm.
Private collection (?)
Portrait of a Lady
Arnold Ravesteyn
1683
Oil on canvas, 44 x 37 cm.
Private collection
Arnold Ravesteyn
1683
Oil on canvas, 44 x 37 cm.
Private collection
A Girl with a Flower in Her Hair
Pietro Antonio Conte Rotari
c. 1760–1762
Oil on canvas, 45.8 x 35.4 cm.
National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
Pietro Antonio Conte Rotari
c. 1760–1762
Oil on canvas, 45.8 x 35.4 cm.
National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
Young Girl Wearing a Pearl Earring
Pietro Antonio Conte Rotari (1707–1762)
-
Oil on canvas
Private Collection, Agnew's
Pietro Antonio Conte Rotari (1707–1762)
-
Oil on canvas
Private Collection, Agnew's
Portrait of a Young Girl
Friedrich von Amerling (1803–11887)
-
Friedrich von Amerling (1803–11887)
-
Portrait of a Woman with Pearl Earrings and Necklace
Domenico Maggiotto (1727–1793)
-
Oil on canvas, 43.2 x 34.6 cm.
Private collection (?)
Domenico Maggiotto (1727–1793)
-
Oil on canvas, 43.2 x 34.6 cm.
Private collection (?)
Man with a Pearl Earring
Johann Friedrich Bause
1777
Etching and aquatint, with chemical tone, 17.2 x 13.3 cm.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia
Johann Friedrich Bause
1777
Etching and aquatint, with chemical tone, 17.2 x 13.3 cm.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia
The Young Eastern Woman
Friedrich Amerling
1838
Oil on fabric, 88.5 x 71.5 cm.
Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland
Friedrich Amerling
1838
Oil on fabric, 88.5 x 71.5 cm.
Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland
Cathrine Jensen, née Lorenzen, the Artist's Wife Wearing a Turban
C.A. Jensen
1842–1844
Oil on panel, 53 x 68 cm.
Statens Museum for Kunst, København, Denmark
C.A. Jensen
1842–1844
Oil on panel, 53 x 68 cm.
Statens Museum for Kunst, København, Denmark
The Ear-Ring
Ambrose McEvoy
Before 1911
Oil on canvas, 76.2 × 63.5 cm.
Tate Britain, London
Ambrose McEvoy
Before 1911
Oil on canvas, 76.2 × 63.5 cm.
Tate Britain, London
Woman in a Fur Hat
Gretchen Woodman Rogers
c. 1915
Oil on canvas, 76.2 x 64.13 cm.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Gretchen Woodman Rogers
c. 1915
Oil on canvas, 76.2 x 64.13 cm.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
The Laughing Girl
Unknow imitator of Vermeer
c. 1925
Oil on canvas, 40 x 31 cm.
National Gallery, Washington D.C.
Unknow imitator of Vermeer
c. 1925
Oil on canvas, 40 x 31 cm.
National Gallery, Washington D.C.
Grace Kelly
From the film The Rear Window (?)
Directed by Alfred Hitchcock, 1954)
From the film The Rear Window (?)
Directed by Alfred Hitchcock, 1954)
"Miffy" toy doll of Girl with a Pearl Earring
Following the 1995–1996 exhibition of 21 paintings by Vermeer in Washington D.C. and The Hague, and the publication of Tracy Chevalier's best-selling novel, Girl with a Pearl Earring, "Vermeer" became a household name. The painter's meteoric rise in the fame gave birth to a tidal wave of Vermeer spin-offs, which, while not works of art, nonetheless illustrate the process of iconization of Vermeer's painting in the twentieth-and twenty-first-centuy global consumer-driven society.
Girl with a Pearl Earring rubber duck from Mauritshuis museum shop
Following the 1995–1996 exhibition of 21 paintings by Vermeer in Washington D.C. and The Hague, and the publication of Tracy Chevalier's best-selling novel, Girl with a Pear Earring, "Vermeer" became a household name. The painter's meteoric rise in the fame gave birth to a tidal wave of Vermeer spin-offs, which, while not works of art, nonetheless illustrate the process of iconization of Vermeer's painting in the twentieth-and twenty-first-centuy global consumer-driven society.